Captain Frederick Bishop of the 1/5th (Earl of Chester’s) (T.F.) Battalion, Chester Regiment, died of illness on 21st February 1919, aged 31, in the Prince of Wales Hospital, Marylebone, and is buried at West Hill Cemetery in Winchester.
Early Life
Frederick was born on the 21st November 1887 in Winchester, and baptised shortly afterwards. His parents were Henry and Rosa (sometimes known as Rose) Bishop. Henry was also born in Winchester and Rosa came from Southampton. Frederick was the third boy in what was to become a large family of nine children.
In 1891, Henry was employed as a servant at the public school, Winchester College. They were living at 7, St.Swithun Street, Winchester.
Frederick aged 3, had two elder brothers, Alfred (7) and Herbert (5), and twin younger brothers Ernest and Reginald aged 1. All of the children had been born in Winchester. By 1901 the family had moved away from Winchester and were living at 11 Highcliffe Road in Chilcomb, Hampshire. Henry was employed as a butler. Alfred was no longer living with the family and Herbert was employed as a hairdresser. In the intervening ten years there had been more additions to the family, Leonard 9, Ethel 6, Charles 4, and Winifred aged 2 months. Alfred had joined the Royal Navy and was serving on the Duke of Wellington as a 3rd Writer.
Frederick began his education at St Thomas’ Boys’ School in Winchester before becoming a pupil at Peter Symonds Grammar School in Winchester. The headmaster was Telford Varley, a larger than life character who was appointed in 1897 and ordained in 1906, and he finally retired in 1926. One of his idiosyncratic punishments for boys who slouched, was to make them parade around like a hobbledehoy until being told to assume the attitude of a gentleman.
After leaving Peter Symonds School, Frederick returned to St Thomas’ to undergo a period of initial training as a pupil teacher, before becoming an assistant teacher there for six months. In 1905 he was awarded a 1st Class pass in his Preliminary Examination for admission to the course at Winchester Training College as well as a 1st Class in the Archbishops’ Admission Examination. Before entering College Frederick was examined in blackboard, model, perspective, light and shade, and geometry drawing. He also gained a Matriculation 1st Class pass in Chemistry.
In 1906 Frederick began two years of study at Winchester Training College. He must have made a good impression on his fellow Junior Students, as at the first major social event of the year, a welcome concert, Frederick was chosen to give the speech on behalf of his classmates.
There is an interesting note in the class record list for 1907, the end of Frederick’s first year. He is not classified in the College results section of the list, but instead he is included in a group of three students who did not take the college examination as they were University Students. Frederick did take some of the papers but only a small number, achieving an average grade of 85.1% for the exams he did take. There was an option to take a three year degree course at some Colleges and this had been Frederick’s intention, although ultimately illness prevented him from completing the three year course. He took the Archbishop’s Examination at the end of his first year, gaining the top mark for his year group. In the class list for his second year he was again listed as a University student, this time it is accompanied by the word Arts in brackets.
In his time at college, he played football in the inter-college competition, for the Athenians, sang in the end of year Farewell Concert, and debated on the topic of corporal punishment. The majority of those attending believed, as Frederick had argued, that corporal punishment was necessary. His ability as a marksman was noted, with him winning the top marksman award and being promoted to Lance Corporal in the Volunteer Company. He became sub-editor of the college magazine, The Wintonian, becoming editor in his Senior year. We learn though that Frederick had to give up that job as he was unwell. The nature of his illness is never disclosed, but as it is mentioned on more than one occasion, it could have been a recurring condition. Despite this Frederick was made Senior Prefect for his final year.
In his end of course examinations he was awarded A Grades in Reading, Recitation, Teaching, and Music, and a B for Drawing. He was exempted from the Science exam. Whatever the illness that Frederick suffered whilst at College, it resulted in him being unfit to take his examinations in his second year. He was awarded an aegrotat (Latin: He is ill), an exam pass awarded to a student who was too ill to attend an examination. We have to assume that the work that Frederick had done in College prior to his illness was of sufficient merit.
By 1911 Frederick was living in Aylesbury. His family remained in Winchester, where his sister Ethel was training as a pupil teacher. Frederick was living as a boarder in the house of Mr John Deans, an iron founder, at 5, Queen’s Park, Aylesbury. Frederick was, by then, an assistant teacher, employed by the County Council in the Church Schools Aylesbury.
After Frederick had left college news of his achievements continued to be reported in The Wintonian:
Men of 1906-1908 will be glad to learn that their Senior Prefect, Mr F Bishop, has been appointed to an Assistantship in the Chester Training College Practising School. That he has thoroughly recovered his health is indicated by the fact that while working in Aylesbury CS he succeeded in passing his Inter-Art Examination with 2nd Class Honours in English, also the Teachers’ Higher Examination of the Education Handwork Union, with distinction for special excellence, which qualifies him to teach in all Primary and Secondary Classes and in Training Courses for teachers.
Chester Diocesan Training College was the first purpose-built Teacher Training College in the country. In 1900 the Practising school was opened on the campus. The School Log Book tells us that Frederick commenced his duties at the school on 25th September 1911.
The Principal of Chester Training College, to which the Practising School was attached, was the Rev. R. A. Thomas who had previously been Vice-Principal at Winchester Training College during the period that Frederick was a student there. We do not know if he had sought out Frederick and encouraged him to apply for a job at the school or if Frederick had heard of his appointment and then decided to apply to Chester.
The Log Book gives us a few details of his time as a teacher there. On 10th June of his second year at the school, Frederick’s timetable was changed , relieving him of teaching 3 French lessons each week, lessening somewhat the irksomeness of having to take 17 lessons per week in the same subject. On 1st July 1912 Frederick led a school excursion to Liverpool. During the Summer break in 1912 the Log Book reports that Frederick had spent a profitable month in France studying French phonetics under ‘a Parisienne in France’. Towards the end of August, Mr George Tap, from Nemtes Lycée, visited the school and listened to a French lesson taken by Frederick, although sadly we do not have a record of his opinion on Frederick’s lesson. In June of 1913 there was another excursion to Liverpool, this time described as a ramble, with a ‘score of boys’.
Health problems afflicted Frederick again in September 1913, as the Log Book reports that he left school at 9 a.m. to consult a doctor about sleeplessness and continual headaches, returning by 9.40 a.m.. Frederick must have returned to the family home for the Christmas break as there is an entry explaining that Frederick was confined to bed in Winchester.
In May 1914 the school was visited by Mr Tryhorn, an HMI, who talked over several things with him. The HMI was particularly interested in Manual Training. In May 1914 Frederick requested, and was granted, permission for extra drill. His military records have no entry for any involvement in a Territorial Force unit whilst in Chester, so it is most likely that this refers to a school activity. Both Physical Education and Military Training exercises were called ‘Drill’ in schools.1
The remaining references to Frederick in the school log book after September 1914, no longer relate to classroom issues. On 9th September 1914, it notes that Mr Bishop left school at 9:15 a.m. to enrol in HM Forces, and that he was absent in the afternoon. On 30th October the school bade farewell to Frederick. Although Frederick’s life now took a different course, he retained his ties with the Chester Practising School. There are entries in the log book about visits that Frederick made in May 1916 and July 1917. An obituary in The Cheshire Observer on Saturday 22nd February 1919 mentions one return visit that Frederick made to the school:
He was very popular with the pupils, whom he greatly delighted during one of his leaves from France, with a description of the Tanks. The sterling qualities he manifested in the scholastic world also distinguished him in the Army
His death and a Memorial Service held at the school are also documented in the log book. It is interesting to note that a report in the Liverpool Daily Post, from Wednesday 14th October 1914, outlines the Chester Education Committee’s plan to make sure that their teachers who had enlisted would not find themselves out of pocket. Frederick was one of four teachers mentioned in the article which goes on to say:
it was unanimously resolved that their military service be recognised as an equivalent to service in school for the purposes of salary with no loss of position or emoluments, but with such remuneration as with the pay they receive from the Government will make up their full salary, and that they be reinstated on their return.
His job in Chester would explain his choice of regiment when he enlisted, as a Private, in the Cheshire Regiment, 5th (Earl of Chester’s) Battalion in September 1914. His attestation form gives his height as 5ft 10½ inches, and his medical form tells us that he had a chest measurement of 38 inches with an expansion of 2½ inches. His physical development was good and his vision normal. The Principal of Chester College, Rev Thomas, had vouched for his moral character. His address at the time of his enlistment was given as 26, Saughall Road, Chester. The Battalion War Record tells us:
A scheme for mobilization had been carefully prepared in great detail some time previously to mobilization, and this had been kept thoroughly up-to-date, so that when the word Mobilize was wired to Head Quarters at 6 p.m. on August 4th, 1914, the well-oiled machinery was at once set working. Telegrams were sent to all the Company Head Quarters, posters printed in readiness beforehand were put up on pre-arranged sites, officers on the reserve were called up, and the men all flocked to their respective Drill Halls where the hundred and one details of mobilization were rapidly and efficiently carried out. The Drill Halls became perfect hives of industry. Recruits came in large numbers, boots, shirts, and other clothing were issued; horses, and carts of all shapes and sizes, which had previously been earmarked for the purpose, were collected and brought in, and on the fifth day the Battalion concentrated at Chester at the Skating Rink in Northgate Street, and was ready to move to its War Station at Shrewsbury.
From Shrewsbury the Battalion moved on August 22nd to Church Stretton where they remained until January 1915 when orders were received for the Battalion to move to Cambridge to equip for Foreign Service, where they stayed until 14th February. From Frederick’s Medal Card Record we can see that he entered the Theatre of War in February 1915 when the 1/5th (Earl of Chester’s) Battalion, Territorial Force, Cheshire Regiment, landed at Le Havre. In February they joined the 14th Brigade of the 5th Division. Frederick was promoted rapidly, first to Corporal and then by 20th March 1915 to Sergeant.
The 5th Cheshires were involved in the Second Battle of Ypres in April 1915. In July of that year, Frederick was listed in the Supplement to the London Gazette of 7th July, as being promoted to Second Lieutenant dated from 26th June 1915, and in the Supplement of the Gazette of 8th March 1916, he was reported to be Temporary Lieutenant from 24th November 1915. His Army records at no point record when or where his officer’s training took place. On 29th November 1915 and still keeping its 1/5th Cheshire Regiment name, the unit was designated as a Pioneer Battalion2 of the 5th Division. On 13th February 1916 it was transferred to the 56th Division, staying as a Pioneer Battalion, involved in the campaign on the Somme, including the Diversionary Attack at Gommecourt, the Battles of Ginchy, Flers-Courcelette, Morval and the Transloy Ridge.
Among all of this activity, Frederick’s role and rank was also in flux. The Supplement to the London Gazette of 15th June 1916 reports that Frederick was given the rank of Temporary Captain. On August 29th 1916 he was appointed Adjutant. Prior to this appointment he had been a Scout Officer and in the Regimental Magazine, The Oak Leaf, at the time of his death it was reported that he had done exceptionally good work while the Battalion was holding the marshes at Vaux on the Somme.3 As an Adjutant, Frederick would have been based at the Field Headquarters, which moved with the Battalion but were further back from the front line.
In 1917 the Battalion was involved in the German retreat to the Hindenburg Line, the First and Third Battles of the Scarpe, the Battle of Langemarck and the captures of Tadpole Copse and Bourlon Wood and the German Counter attacks. On 6th November 1917 Frederick was appointed to be one of two Staff-Captains4 to the 169 Infantry Brigade, a position he held until the time of his death. 1918 saw the Regiment in the 1st Battle of Arras, and the Battles of Albert, the Scarpe, the Canal du Nord and Cambrai. They were also involved in the Pursuit to the Selle and the Battle of the Sambre and the Passage of the Grand Honelle. In August 1918 Frederick fell from his horse and was injured while reconnoitring in the face of the enemy near Croiselles.5 The Report on accidental or self-inflicted injury states that he suffered a hernia,6 which was classified as moderately severe. After the accident, Frederick was treated by the 2/3rd (London) Field Ambulance.
On 11th November, 1918, Frederick and the 1/5th Cheshire Regiment ended their war at Athis, north of Bavrai in Belgium. The Regimental Magazine tells us that he was twice mentioned in despatches, reported in The London Gazette on 15th June 1916, and again on the 20th May 1918. On the 1st January 1919, in the New Year’s Honours List, Frederick was awarded the Military Cross. The fact that it was in the Honours List makes it likely that this was a reward for meritorious service rather than a particular act of gallantry.
Just over a month later, on the 21st February 1919, at The Prince of Wales’ Hospital in Marylebone, Frederick died, one of the many who succumbed to the virulent Spanish flu epidemic. The evidence for this is to be found in the Chester Practising School Log Book, with an entry on 20th February 1919 recording that Mr Bishop had died in a London Hospital from influenza.7 On the 26th February a Memorial service for him was held at the school. An obituary in the Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer (Monday 24th February 1919), described Frederick as Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General at the time of his death. This was a Grade 2 Staff Officer position equivalent to the rank of Major.8 This makes Frederick the highest ranking officer of our 61 Fallen.
Two of Frederick’s brothers also saw war service. Herbert William served as a Private in the Devonshire Regiment and then with the Royal Flying Corps, and Charles served as a Wireless Telegraphist in the Royal Engineers in Palestine. Both survived the war.9
His probate record shows that he left £1,122 15s 9d, and his medals, to his father Henry Bishop, now the Senior Porter at Winchester College Public School, living at 33,Trinity Terrace, North Walls, Winchester. Probate records the address incorrectly as number 35. His military records show that he had been overpaid £8 6s 8d of staff pay in the month after his death. This was duly repaid. He is buried in the West Hill Cemetery in Winchester, just outside of the gates of what was his Teacher Training College.
Researcher and Author: Dee Sayers
Sources
For all general Winchester Training College records please see the list of University of Winchester sources at the end of the following Sources list.
Ancestry (2018) Home page. [online] Available at: www.ancestry.co.uk [Accessed 2018]
Best, J. (2018). Debt of honour. Gloucester: Hobnob Press.
Britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk. (2019). British Newspaper Archive, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer – Monday 24 February 1919. [online] Available at: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.
uk/viewer/bl/0000687/19190224/
185/0009 [Accessed 7 Jun. 2019].
Coombs, G.H.( 2012) The importance of professional military Education, p.3. Available online
Rose, M. (1981) A history of King Alfred’s College, Winchester 1840-1980. London: Phillimore
Commonwealth War Graves Commission, (2018). Home page. [online] Available at www.cwgc.org/ [Accessed 2018]
Great War Forum, (2018). Home page. [online] Available at www.greatwarforum.org [Accessed 2018]
The Long Long Trail, (2018). Welcome to the long long trail. [online] Available at http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/ [Accessed 2018]
University of Winchester Archive at Hampshire Record Office
All the following documents are general background resources for the WTC Fallen project and provide general period background of students, college life, staff, activities, etc. The Finding Numbers are given to aid archive searches.
47M91W/P2/4 The Wintonian 1899-1900
47M91W/P2/5 The Wintonian 1901-1902
47M91W/P2/6 The Wintonian 1903-1904
47M91W/P2/7 The Wintonian 1904-1906
47M91W/P2/8 The Wintonian 1905-1907
47M91W/P2/10 The Wintonian 1908-1910
47M91W/P2/11 The Wintonian 1910-1914
47M91W/P2/12 The Wintonian 1920-1925
47M91W/D1/2 The Student Register
47M91W/S5/5/10 Photograph of 5 alumni in Mesopotamia
47M91W/Q3/6 A Khaki Diary
47M91W/B1/2 Reports of Training College 1913-1914
47M91W/Q1/5 Report and Balance Sheets 1904- 1949
47M91W/R2/5 History of the Volunteers Company 1910
47M91W/L1/2 College Rules 1920
55M81W/PJ1 Managers’ Minute Book 1876-1903
71M88W/6 List of Prisoners at Kut
All material referenced as 47M91W/ is the copyright of The University of Winchester. Permission to reproduce photographs and other material for this narrative has been agreed by the University and Hampshire Record Office.
- Hansard records that on 30th March 1900, Sir J. Fergusson (Manchester, N.E.), wanted to call attention to ‘the importance of instructing physical and military drill for boys in all State-aided or rate-aided schools, and to more, that it is highly expedient for the physical and moral development of the youth of the country, and that it would conduce to national defence, that boys of school age should be regularly instructed in physical and military drill.’ Although this refers solely to boys, girls also had drill as part of the curriculum, but this would have been the name given to physical exercise routines rather than military training. In a history of Swathling Council School in Southampton it was reported that while the boys walked to the Common once a week for Games and used the local Public Baths for swimming, the girls stayed behind at school for voice training and drill. Swedish Drill, invented at the turn of the 19th Century by Pehr Henrik Ling, was the use of a series of set exercises to improve fitness, flexibility and posture, had become a popular form of physical training in schools and Colleges.
- During the Great War a Pioneer Battalion was primarily used to assist in the construction of field fortifications, military camps, bridges, roads and railways. Each Division was allocated a Pioneer Battalion, although in practice it did not always work out that way.
- Vaux-sur-Somme is best known as the place where Baron Manfred Von Richthoven (the Red Baron) was shot down and killed.
- A Staff Officer was a personal assistant to a Commander. It was largely an administrative and problem-solving role. Coombs states that modern Staff Officers look ahead, attempt to foresee what is to come and organise their services for the roles that they will be assigned by government. In this fashion they remove the burden of minutia from military commanders in order to allow those leaders to guide and manage their forces. The earliest iteration of the British Army Staff Manual from 1912 exhorted staff officers to act in concert with the wishes of their commander. (Coombs, G.H.( 2012) The importance of professional military education, p.3. Available online).
- A small village south east of Arras, near Bullecourt.
- The record seems to suggest it was an inguinal hernia, which is the most common type. It can appear as a swelling or lump in the groin, or as an enlarged scrotum.
- Thanks to John Hartley’s original research in the School Log Book of Chester Practising School which determined that Frederick Bishop had died of influenza.
- It is important to stress that there is no record of Frederick being promoted to the rank of Major and his position merely carried that rank equivalence.
- Best, J. (2018). Debt of honour. Gloucester: Hobnob Press.